SELECT 
  id_path 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  category_id IN (450, 453, 467, 460, 441)

Query time 0.00041

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_categories range PRIMARY,p_category_id,idx_category_id PRIMARY 3 5 Using index condition

Result

id_path
424/441
415/421/450
424/453
415/421/460
415/421/467