SELECT 
  category_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  id_path LIKE '414/%'

Query time 0.00034

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_categories range id_path,idx_id_path id_path 767 3 Using index condition

Result

category_id
434
442
454
463
474
477